
Гонорея – это очень распространенное инфекционное заболевание. Иногда оно обнаруживается у женщин во время беременности. Это создает дополнительные риски.
Диагностика
При постановке беременной на учет в женскую консультацию в обязательном порядке берется мазок на гонорею. Повторное исследование проводится во второй половине беременности. Предпочтение отдается бактериоскопии, а также бакпосеву.
Клиника
Инкубационный период колеблется от двух дней до двух недель. Симптомы гонореи у беременных не отличаются от симптомов этого заболевания у других женщин. Главными признаками являются гнойные выделения, рези, боли внизу живота. Данные симптомы характерны для свежей гонореи.
Некоторые беременные могут вовсе не отмечать жалоб. Это случается, если болезнь у них протекает в бессимптомной форме. Чаще такие женщины заразились гонореей еще до зачатия.
Нелеченая гонорея в послеродовом периоде может вызывать воспаления верхних отделов половых путей (эндометрит, сальпингоофорит). Этому способствует физиология послеродового периода (лохии, расширение цервикального канала и т.д.). Признаками данных патологий являются лихорадка, плохое сокращение матки, боли в области проекции матки.
Возможные осложнения гонореи у беременных
- прерывание беременности;
- воспаление амниона и хориона;
- преждевременное излитие околоплодных вод;
- преждевременные роды;
- заражение новорожденного в родах (поражение глаз, а также вульвы у девочек);
- гонококковый артрит;
- гонококковый сепсис.
Лечение
Лечение гонореи у беременных проводится в условиях стационара под контролем венеролога и гинеколога. Выбор антибиотиков для терапии данного заболевания во время беременности определяется их безопасностью для плода. Предпочтение отдается пенициллинам в сочетании с пробенецидом, цефалоспоринам и макролидам. Противопоказаны антибиотики тетрациклинового ряда и сульфаниламиды, т.к. они оказывают тератогенное действие на плод. Препараты могут вводиться внутримышечно или приниматься перорально. Наряду с антибиотиками рекомендуется витаминотерапия и препараты, благоприятно влияющие на плаценту (курантил, актовегин и др.).
Обязательным является обследование и лечение полового партнера женщины. А если в семье присутствуют другие дети, их тоже необходимо проверить на гонорею.
Прогноз при адекватном лечении благоприятный.
Профилактика
- двукратное обследование всех женщин во время беременности на гонорею;
- планирование беременности, которое включат в себя сдачу анализов на ИППП;
- исключение случайных связей при беременности;
- своевременное лечение гонореи будущей матери, а также контроль над излечением.
















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